Track plate, track assembly, forest machine and method

专利摘要:
A track plate, track assembly, forest machine and method. The track assembly (12) comprises several track plates (13) each of which is provided with an elongated metallic body (19) which slanted relative to a longitudinal direction of the track assembly. The track assembly is mounted around pneumatic tyres (4) of a forest machine (1).
公开号:FI20205311A1
申请号:FI20205311
申请日:2020-03-27
公开日:2021-01-15
发明作者:Seppo Mentula
申请人:Seppo Mentula；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Track plate, track assembly, forest machine and method Background of the invention The invention relates to a track plate of a track assembly of an off-road vehicle provided with pneumatic tyres.
The invention further relates to a track assembly, a forest machine provided with track assemblies and to a method of moving a forest machine.
The field of the invention is defined more specif- ically in the preambles of the independent claims.
Forest machines are typically equipped with pneu- matic tyres or rubber tyres. Track assemblies can be mounted around one or more tyres to improve traction and climbing ability. The track assemblies also reduce surface pressure of the machine wherefore they are used nowadays more and more in order to reduce damage to the ground of the forest. However, the known solutions have shown to include some disadvantages.
Brief description of the invention An object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved track plate and track assembly. A further ob- ject is to provide a novel and improved forest machine and method for moving it.
S 25 The track plate according to the invention is char- N acterized by the characterizing features of a first inde- 3 pendent apparatus claim.
N The track assembly according to the invention is = characterized by the characterizing features of a second * 30 independent apparatus claim.
= The forest machine according to the invention is S characterized by the characterizing features of a third Q independent apparatus claim.
The method according to the invention is character- ized by the charactering features and steps of an independ- ent method claim.
An idea of the disclosed solution is that a track plate of a track assembly comprises a longitudinal metallic body and two opposing end assemblies at its distal ends. The body comprises an inner surface facing towards pneumatic one or more tyres around which the track assembly is mounted, and an outer surface configured to face away from the tyres. Further, the end assemblies are both provided with a link member and a pawl. The pawls protrude from the inner surface so that the tyre is between the pawls. The pawls at opposite end of the body are plate-like objects and their planar surfaces are orientated parallel. However, the body is orientated angularly relative to the parallel pawls when seen from the mentioned outer surface side of the track plate.
In other words, the body of the track plate is mounted diagonally relative to its first and second end assemblies, which are located at opposite ends of the track plate.
Further, the end assemblies define longitudinal di- rection of the track assembly. The body of the track plate is not perpendicularly orientated relative to the longitu- dinal direction, but instead it is slanted and has a clear o angular deviation. N An advantage of the disclosed solution is that vi- N brations caused by the tracks can be reduced by means of <Q the angularly orientated body parts of the track plates. N 30 This is due to the fact that the body parts are in contact E with the ground longer and there is no clear transverse gap — between the successive track shoes or plates. This way the & track assembly may move smoothly on hard surfaces such as N on frozen forest roads. When the vibrations can be reduced N 35 driving comfort can be increased and also noise can be reduced.
According to an embodiment, the track plate is made of steel material.
The steel may be hardened steel or forged steel.
Thus, the track plate is rigid and wear resistant element which can transmit great forces in harsh conditions.
According to an embodiment, the track plate is a single piece.
Then the mentioned body, links and pawls are mounted inseparately to each other.
This kind of structure is simple and robust.
According to an embodiment, the first and second links or link members comprise two link openings configured to receive connecting links.
Then the links of the track plate and the connecting links form link systems at both ends of the link plate.
According to an embodiment, the first and second end assemblies have shapes substantially corresponding to letter T.
Then two link openings are formed on opposing protruding parts and form horizontal part of letter T, and the pawl is a plate like part directed vertically and form- ing a vertical part of the letter T.
The plate portions are directed towards an inner portion of the track assembly.
According to an embodiment, longitudinal outer edges of the body of the track plate are configured to serve as traction edges or grapping edges by means of which trac- tion forces are transmitted to the ground from the track assembly.
The traction edges are in slanted position rela- tive to the movement direction.
N According to an embodiment, the track plate may also N be called as a track shoe or track element. According to an embodiment, an angle of inclination N 30 of the body relative to normal of the pawls is at least 10”. E In other words, a central line of the body, when seen from — the outer surface side, has the inclination angle which is & 10° or greater relative to normal of the pawls which are in N longitudinal direction of the track assembly.
N 35 According to an embodiment, the angle of inclination is 10 - 25°.
According to an embodiment, there may be different sets of track assemblies with different angle of inclina- tion. Then track assembly sets suitable for different cir- cumstances and machines can be selected case by case.
According to an embodiment, the end assemblies have angular orientation relative to each other when seen in longitudinal direction of the track plate.
According to an embodiment, magnitudes of deflec- tion angles of the end assemblies are dependent on distance between the end assemblies and magnitude of the angle of inclination of the body.
According to an embodiment, both end assemblies have deflection angles relative to distal ends of the body when seen in longitudinal direction of the body. In other words, the first end assembly and the second end assembly are both twisted relative to a longitudinal direction of the body. The end assemblies need to be twisted since one edge assem- bly is leading when the track assembly moves forwards and the edge assembly on the opposite side follows the same transverse point with delay.
According to an embodiment, the body has twisted configuration wherein distal ends of the body has a deflec- tion angle relative to each other when seen in longitudinal direction of the track plate. Magnitude of the twist is dependent on size of the tyre on which the track assembly o is arranged, for example.
N According to an embodiment, the first end assembly N and the second end assembly are twisted towards each other P when the track plate is seen in its longitudinal direction. N 30 In other words, middle axis of the inwardly protruding pawls E are configured to cross on inner side of the track plate. — According to an embodiment, the end assemblies have & straight outer surfaces and angle between the straight outer N surfaces is 140 - 180°. The same angle applies also for N 35 imaginary lines passing via centers of link openings of the end assemblies.
According to an embodiment, the disclosed solution relates to a track assembly of an off-road vehicle. The track assembly is mountable around one or more pneumatic tyres of the vehicle and is configured to form a continuous 5 loop around the tyres. The track assembly comprises several track plates, which are longitudinal elements orientated transversely relative to a longitudinal direction of the track assembly. At both longitudinal edges of the track assembly are link systems for connecting the track plates movably together. Each track plate comprises an elongated metallic body and end assemblies at end portions of the body. Further, the bodies of the track plates have diagonal orientation relative to the mentioned longitudinal link systems. In other words, there is an angular deflection between the body parts of the track plates and longitudinal direction of the entire track assembly.
According to an embodiment, the link system com- prises in turns loop like connecting links and track plates with links provided with link openings. Then each track plate is coupled with four loop like connecting links, two connecting links at both ends.
According to an embodiment, the track assembly is mountable around at least two pneumatic tyres of the vehicle and is configured to form a continuous loop around the tyres.
o According to an embodiment, the track assembly is O mountable around one single pneumatic tyre.
0 According to an embodiment, the track assembly is P without any protruding elements on outer surfaces of the N 30 body of the track plates. The protruding separate elements E are not needed since the angled orientation of the body of — the track plates generates lateral force components pre- & venting the machine skidding sideways. Thus, the disclosed N track plates may have an anti-skid feature. The structure N 35 may simpler and more durable when there is no need for anti- skid spikes.
According to an embodiment, the disclosed solution relates to a forest machine for wood handling.
The forest machine comprises: a carrier provided with several pneumatic tyres on both longitudinal sides of the carrier and config- ured to be moved in a driving direction; at least one track assembly surrounding at least one pneumatic tyre on both longitudinal sides of the carrier; and at least one forest work device mounted to the carrier.
Further, the mentioned the track assemblies comprise several track plates provided with transverse track surfaces which are slanted relative to the driving direction of the carrier.
In other words, the track surfaces, which contact the ground and transmit propelling force of the forest machine to the ground, are not perpendicular to the driving direction of the machine.
According to an embodiment, end assemblies of the track plates are configured to hit the ground at different time instances because of the slanted orientation.
According to an embodiment, the forest machine or forestry machine is a pneumatic-tyred or rubber tyred all- terrain vehicle such as a forest tractor, forwarder, har- vester or skidder.
According to an embodiment, the forest machine com- prises at least one first track assemoly on a first side of the carrier and at least one second track assembly on a second side of the carrier.
The mentioned first and second track assemblies differ from each other in that transverse N bodies of the track plates have different angular orienta- N tion relative to each other.
In other words, the forest <Q machine is provided with at least two different type of N 30 track assemblies.
The basic structure of track assemblies E may be otherwise the same but orientation of the bodies of — the track plates may deviate between them. & According to an embodiment, the forest machine is a N frame steered vehicle, whereby a carrier of the machine N 35 comprises a front frame part, rear frame part and a steering pivot between them.
The front frame part and the rear frame part may be provided with similar or different type of track assemblies. In other words, on one side of the carrier there may be two successive similar type of track assemblies or different type of track assemblies with different orienta- tions in their track surfaces.
According to an embodiment, magnitude of the diag- onal orientation of the body part of the track plate is the same in the track assemblies on opposing sides of the car- rier, but the bodies on opposite sides are mirror images relative to each other. Then the bodies of the track plate form together a kind of arrow pattern which may either converge or widen.
According to an embodiment, the diagonally orien- tated bodies on opposite sides of the carrier are configured to form together a converging arrow pattern in a forward driving direction of the forest machine and a widening arrow pattern in a reverse driving direction.
According to an embodiment, the diagonally orien- tated bodies on opposite sides of the carrier are configured to form together a widening arrow pattern in a forward driving direction of the forest machine and a converging arrow pattern in a reverse driving direction.
According to an embodiment, the differently orien- tated bodies of the track assemblies on opposite sides of the carrier are configured to compensate lateral forces o generated by the slanted bodies. N According to an embodiment, the track assemblies N are provided with markings showing on which side of the P working machine the track assembly is to be mounted. N 30 According to an embodiment, the disclosed solution E relates to a method of moving a forest machine. The method — comprises transmitting propelling force to the ground by & means of metallic track assemblies mounted on pneumatic N tyres of the forest machine. The method further comprises N 35 providing the track assemblies with several track plates provided with track surfaces having deviating orientation relative to a moving direction of the forest machine.
The propelling force is transmitted by means of the track sur- faces with the deviating orientation to the ground.
According to an embodiment, compensating lateral forces, generated by the track surfaces having slanting orientation, by providing the track assemblies on opposite sides of the forest machine with the track surfaces slanting orientation of which are opposite relative to each other.
According to an embodiment, generating anti-skid- ding forces by means of the track surfaces having slanting orientation and thereby preventing skidding of the forest machined in lateral direction.
The above disclosed embodiments and features may be combined in order to form suitable solutions that are needed.
Brief description of the figures Some embodiments are described in more detail in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows schematically an off-road vehicle provided with pneumatic tyres and track assemblies around the tyres, Figure 2 is a schematic side view of a track assem- bly, Figure 3 is a schematic end view of two track plates and connecting links mounted to their end pieces, N Figure 4 is a schematic front view of a track as- N sembly, 3 Figure 5 is a schematic top view of two different N track assemblies to be mounted on opposite sides of a ve- = 30 hicle, = Figure 6 is a schematic view of a track assembly, en Figure 7 is a schematic view of two track assemblies S provided with track plates with different slanting direc- tions, Figure 8 is schematic view of a track plate having a twisted body between opposite end assemblies,
Figure 9 is a schematic view of a track plate seen in longitudinal direction and showing that end assemblies have turned orientations relative to each other, Figure 10 is a schematic top view of a track plate and shows deflection angle of its body relative to its end pieces and also relative to moving direction, Figure 11 is a schematic view of a track plate seen in longitudinal direction of a track assembly and showing that a body of the track plate has a low screw shape, and Figure 12 is a schematic top view of two track as- semblies as an alternative to the ones shown in Figure 5.
For the sake of clarity, the figures show some em- bodiments of the disclosed solution in a simplified manner. In the figures, like reference numerals identify like ele- ments. Detailed description of some embodiments Figure 1 discloses a forest machine 1, which is an example of an off-road vehicle 2 wherein the disclosed so- lution can be implemented. The forest machine 1 or forest tractor comprises a movable carrier 3 provided with several pneumatic tyres 4 on its both longitudinal sides. The forest machine 1 can be driven in driving direction D forwards A and backwards B. The carrier 3 can be frame steered and may comprise a front frame ba and rear frame 5b connected to each other by means of steering joint 6. The front frame ba N may comprise a control cabin 7 and power unit 8, and the N rear frame 5b may comprise a forest work device 9. However, S the arrangement may vary in different types of forest ma- N chines. In Figure 1 the forest machine 1 is a forwarder, E 30 whereby the rear frame 5b is provided with a crane 10 and = a space 11 for collected logs. The mentioned pneumatic tyres n or rubber tyres may comprise two tyres 4 in tyres sets and S the tyre sets may be provided with track assemblies 12 which N surround the tyres 4. However, the forest machine 1 may comprise single tyres and they may also be provided with the disclosed track assemblies. Further, it is possible to arrange the track assemblies around three or more successive tyres. All the tyres 4 of the forest machine 1 may be provided with the track assemblies 12, or alternatively the track arrangements 12 may be mounted selectively on desired tyres 4. The track assemblies 12 of the forest machine 1 on its one side may all be of similar type or alternatively it is possible to use track arrangements with slightly differ- ent track surface orientations in the front and rear body, for example.
Figure 2 discloses a track assembly 12 mounted around two pneumatic tyres 4. The track assembly 12 com- prises several successive metallic track plates 13 which are connected at their ends to form a link system 14 so that the track assembly is a closed loop. The track plates 13 comprise pawls 15 which prevent the track assembly 12 to slide away from the tyres 4 is lateral direction. Length of the track plates 3 are set in such a way that they are oriented across the width of the tyre 4 and thus depend on the dimensions of the tyres. The tyre 4 is located between the pawls 15 of the track plate 13. Inner surfaces of the pawls 15 are facing towards both outer side surfaces of the tyre 4. The link system 14 may be a kind of chain link arrangement.
Figure 3 discloses two track plates 13 connected to each other by means of a link system 14 comprising connect- o ing links 16 coupled to link openings 17 of end assemblies N 18 of the track plates 13. The link openings 17 form a links N to both ends assemblies. The link openings 17 of the inte- <Q grated links and the separate connecting links 16 allow the N 30 track plates 13 to turn relative to each other when the E track assembly is moved in the driving direction. The end — assemblies 18 comprise pawls 15 whereby the links with the & openings 17 and the pawls 15 together form a structure which N has a shape that substantially resembles letter 1. N 35 Figure 4 discloses a track assembly 12 seen from driving direction. This means that in Figure 4 a curved front part of the track assembly 12 is shown. However, also part of the opposite end of the track assembly 12 are shown behind the front part. The track assembly 12 comprises sev- eral track plates 13 connected to each other at longitudinal edges of the track assembly 12 by means of link systems 14. Fach track plate 13 comprises a first end assembly 18a and second end assembly 18b between which is a longitudinal body
19. As can be noted, the body 19 is not perpendicular rel- ative to edges of the track assembly 12 but is instead slanted. The body 19 serves as a traction surface and trans- mit driving forces to the ground. Shape of the body 19 can resemble outer rim of a tyre.
Figure 5 discloses two different track assemblies 12a, 12b of a vehicle. Bodies 19 of track plates 13 of the track assemblies 12a, 12b are slanted differently and lines 20a, 20b passing through their longitudinal central lines form together an arrow pattern. The bodies 19 are in angular position relative to the driving direction D.
Figures 6 and 7 show some track assemblies which are in accordance with the present solution.
Figure 8 discloses a track plate 13 comprising a central body 19 and end assemblies 18a, 18b at distal ends of the body 19. The basic structure is as it is disclosed above in this document. However, the body 19 is twisted T around its longitudinal axis. The twisting is illustrated o by means of arrows 1. N Figure 9 illustrates in longitudinal direction of N the traction plate 13 how the twisting disclosed in Figure 8 effect on the end assemblies 18a, 18b. As can be noted, N 30 the end assemblies 18a, 18b are turned so that they have a E twist angle TA, magnitude of which can be 8 - 20°, typically — 14°. Figure 9 further shows that distal ends of the pawls & 15 are turned towards each other due to the twisted body. N Figure 10 is top view of a track plate 13 comprising N 35 a body 19, which has an angle relative to driving direction D. Central axis of the body 19 is also slanted relative to end assemblies 18a, 18b and their pawls which are oriented in longitudinal direction of a track assembly. An angle Al of the body 19 relative a normal N of the pawls and the end assemblies 18 is 10 - 25°. However, it may in some cases be between 8 - 10°. Then, an angle of inclination A2 between a longitudinal axis 11 of the body 19 and longitudinal axis L2 of the track assembly is correspondingly 75 - 80°. The same applies also for an angle of inclination between the body 19 and the pawls 15.
Figure 11 discloses a track plate 11 seen from a driving direction. When a body 19 is twisted, its lower surface is partly visible close to a first end assembly 18a and a top surface 1% is partly visible close to a second end assembly 18b.
Figure 12 discloses two different track assemblies 12a, 12b of vehicle. When compared to the arrangement shown in Figure 5, it can be noted that center lines 20a, 20b of track plates 13 are oriented differently in Figures 5 and
12. Different kind of arrow patterns are then shown in these Figures.
The drawings and the related description are only intended to illustrate the idea of the invention. In its details, the invention may vary within the scope of the claims.
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权利要求:
Claims (12)
[1] 1. A track plate (13) of a track assembly (12); wherein the track assembly (12) is mountable around at least one pneumatic tyre (4) of an off-road vehicle (2) and is configured to form a continuous loop around the tyre (4), and the track plate (13) comprises: a longitudinal metallic body (19) comprising an in- ner surface configured to face towards the pneumatic tyre (4), and an outer surface configured to face away from the pneumatic tyre (4); a first end assembly (18a) at a first end of the body (19) provided with a first link and a first pawl (15) which protrudes from the inner surface; a second end assembly (18b) at a second end of the body (12) provided with a second link and a second pawl (15) which protrudes from the inner surface; and wherein the mentioned first and second pawl (15) are plate-like objects and their planar surfaces are ori- entated parallel; characterized in that the body (19) is orientated angularly relative to the mentioned parallel first and second pawls (15) when seen o transversely to the mentioned outer surface.
[2] S 0 2. The track plate as claimed in claim 1, char- acterized in that N 30 an angle of inclination (Al) of the body (19) rel- E ative to normal (N) of the pawls (15) is at least 10°. & 3. The track plate as claimed in claim 1 or 2, N characterized in that
[3] N the end assemblies (18a, 18b) have angular orienta- tion relative to each other when seen in longitudinal di- rection of the track plate (13).
[4] 4. The track plate as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 1 - 3, characterized in that both end assemblies (18a, 18b) have deflection an- gles relative to distal ends of the body (19) when seen in longitudinal direction of the body (19).
[5] 5. The track plate as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the body (19) has twisted configuration wherein dis- tal ends of the body (19) has a deflection angle relative to each other when seen in longitudinal direction of the track plate (13).
[6] 6. The track plate as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the first end assembly (18a) and the second end assembly (18b) are twisted towards each other when the track plate (13) is seen in its longitudinal direction.
[7] 7. A track assembly (12) of an off-road vehicle (2), wherein the track assembly (12) is mountable around o at least one pneumatic tyre (4) of the vehicle (2) and is N configured to form a continuous loop around the tyre (4), N and the track assembly (12) comprising: 7 several track plates (13), which are longitudinal N 30 elements orientated transversely relative to a longitudinal E direction of the track assembly (12); — link systems (14) at both longitudinal edges of the & track assembly (12) for connecting the track plates (13) N movably together;
N and wherein each track plate (13) comprises an elon- gated metallic body (19) and end assemblies (18) at end portions of the body (19); characterized in that the body (19) has diagonal orientation relative to the mentioned longitudinal link systems (14).
[8] 8. A forest machine (1) for wood handling, wherein the forest machine (1) comprises: a carrier (3) provided with several pneumatic tyres (4) on both longitudinal sides of the carrier (3) and con- figured to be moved in a driving direction (D); at least one track assembly (12) surrounding at least one pneumatic tyre (4) on both longitudinal sides of the carrier (3); and at least one forest work device (9) mounted to the carrier (3); characterized in that the track assemblies (12) comprise several track plates (13) provided with transverse track surfaces which are slanted relative to the driving direction (D) of the carrier (3).
[9] 9. The forest machine as claimed in claim 8, char - acterized in that o the forest machine (1) comprises at least one first N track assembly (12a) on a first side of the carrier (3) and N at least one second track assembly (12b) on a second side P of the carrier (3); N 30 and wherein the first and second track assemblies E (12a, 12b) differ from each other in that transverse bodies — (19) of the track plates (13) have different angular ori- & entation relative to each other. oO
O N 35
[10] 10. A method of moving a forest machine (1),
wherein the method comprises transmitting propel- ling force to the ground by means of metallic track assem- blies (12) mounted on pneumatic tyres (4) of the forest machine (1); characterized by providing the track assemblies (12) with several track plates (13) provided with track surfaces having de- viating orientation relative to a moving direction (D) of the forest machine (1); and transmitting the propelling force by means of the track surfaces with the deviating orientation to the ground.
[11] 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, charac- terized by compensating lateral forces, generated by the track surfaces having slanting orientation, by providing the track assemblies (12a, 12b) on opposite sides of the forest ma- chine (1) with the track surfaces slanting orientation of which are opposite relative to each other.
[12] 12. The method as claimed in claim 10 or 11, char- acterized by generating anti-skidding forces by means of the track surfaces having slanting orientation and thereby pre- venting skidding of the forest machine (1) in lateral di- rection. oO
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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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FI128829B|2021-01-15|

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WO2021191505A1|2021-09-30|

引用文献:

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US5284387A|1992-08-28|1994-02-08|Loegering George A|Removable flexible track belt and track section therefore|

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FR2818194B1|2000-12-20|2003-09-05|Pierre Marie Edmond Guidet|REMOVABLE NON-SLIP DEVICE, WITH ELEMENTS, FOR TIRE VEHICLES AND VEHICLES|

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DE202014103179U1|2014-07-10|2014-07-30|Erlau Ag|Plate band element for serving as a traction aid, plate-band-shaped track for twin axes|

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EP3560802A1|2018-04-27|2019-10-30|Olofsfors AB|Track section with crossbar member and track belt formed by such track sections|

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FI20205311A|FI128829B|2020-03-27|2020-03-27|Track plate, track assembly, forest machine and method|FI20205311A| FI128829B|2020-03-27|2020-03-27|Track plate, track assembly, forest machine and method|

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PCT/FI2021/050209| WO2021191505A1|2020-03-27|2021-03-25|Track plate, track assembly, forest machine and method|